Executive power, by the numbers

Abuse and Miscarriage of Justice

That is what Trump called Joe Biden's pardon of his son. Then he used the same power to free a governor who sold a Senate seat, a sheriff who sold badges, a foreign president who moved cocaine by the ton, fraudsters who left their victims unpaid, donors who had given millions, and the men who beat police at the Capitol on his behalf. The pardon power is the president's alone, and every president has used it on friends. The question was never the number. It is who, and this is who.

The roster

The people he chose to free.

These are not the trespassers. Each was convicted or charged with a serious crime, with real victims, and set loose by the stroke of a pen. Pardon wipes the conviction; Commutation ends the sentence but leaves it standing.

Officials who sold their office

Rod Blagojevich, the former Illinois governor who tried to sell the Senate seat Barack Obama vacated, and who pressed the head of a children's hospital for a $50,000 donation after approving $8 million in pediatric funding. He had been sentenced to 14 years. Pardon
Scott Jenkins, a Virginia sheriff who took more than $75,000 in bribes to hand out real sheriff's badges and credentials, some to people he never vetted or trained, including undercover FBI agents. Freed the day before he was due to report to prison. Pardon
Henry Cuellar, a sitting U.S. congressman charged with taking roughly $600,000 from an Azerbaijani state oil company and a foreign bank, laundered through his wife's shell companies. Pardoned with her before trial. Pardon, pre-trial
Michele Fiore, a Nevada official who raised about $70,000 for a memorial statue to a police officer murdered in the line of duty, then spent it on rent, cosmetic surgery, and her daughter's wedding. The statue was never built. Pardoned before she was even sentenced. Pardon
Glen Casada and Cade Cothren, a Tennessee House speaker and his chief of staff, who ran a hidden vendor to skim public money through a kickback scheme. Pardons
George Santos, the congressman who fabricated his resume, then charged the credit cards of donors without permission, among them elderly people with dementia, and collected pandemic unemployment while earning six figures. He still owes $374,000 in restitution. Commutation
And more: former Representatives Michael Grimm and Steve Buyer, former Connecticut governor John Rowland, former Puerto Rico governor Wanda Vazquez, and former state lawmakers Brian Kelsey, Jeremy Hutchinson, and P.G. Sittenfeld, all convicted of corruption or fraud connected to public office.

Fraudsters, several of them donors

Trevor Milton, the Nikola founder convicted of lying to investors, including with a video of a truck "driving" that was actually rolling downhill. The ordinary shareholders he misled lost their money, and prosecutors had sought $680 million in restitution for them before the pardon erased it. He and his wife had given more than $1.8 million to Trump's campaign. Pardon · donor
Paul Walczak, who withheld about $7.4 million in Social Security and Medicare taxes from his own employees' paychecks and spent it on himself, including a yacht, leaving nearly $11 million unpaid. Pardoned less than three weeks after his mother attended a $1-million-a-seat dinner at Mar-a-Lago. Pardon · donor
Julio Herrera Velutini, a billionaire banker convicted in the bribery scheme that also freed Puerto Rico's former governor, whose family gave $3.5 million to a pro-Trump group, now the subject of a federal straw-donor complaint. Pardon · donor (alleged)
Todd and Julie Chrisley, the reality-television couple who used fake documents to defraud community banks of more than $30 million in loans, then evaded taxes. Their daughter spoke for Trump at the 2024 convention. Pardons
Devon Archer and Jason Galanis, convicted in a $60 million bond fraud that drained the Oglala Sioux tribe of money promised for an annuity and spent on luxuries instead. They had testified against the Biden family. Pardon / commutation

A cocaine-trafficking president, and a convicted murderer

Juan Orlando Hernandez, the former president of Honduras, serving 45 years after a New York jury found he took bribes, including a reported $1 million from the trafficker known as El Chapo, to help move hundreds of tons of cocaine into the United States. Pardon
Terence Sutton, a Washington police officer who chased 20-year-old Karon Hylton-Brown against department policy until he was struck and killed by a passing car, then helped cover it up. The first on-duty D.C. officer convicted of murder, he was pardoned and reinstated to the force. Hylton-Brown left behind an infant daughter. Pardon

The crypto cases

Ross Ulbricht, who ran the Silk Road drug marketplace and was serving two life sentences. At his sentencing, the parents of young people, some of them teenagers, who died of overdoses from drugs bought on the site testified. (Prosecutors alleged he tried to hire hit men to protect it; he was never charged with that, and no one was harmed.) Pardon
Changpeng Zhao, the Binance founder, whose exchange admitted it failed to stop more than 100,000 suspicious transactions, including ones tied to Hamas, al-Qaeda, and ISIS, ransomware gangs, and sellers of child sexual abuse material, and never filed a single suspicious-activity report. His exchange had put $2 billion behind the Trump family's own stablecoin. Pardon
The BitMEX founders, Arthur Hayes, Benjamin Delo, and Samuel Reed, convicted of running an exchange that flouted anti-money-laundering law. Pardons

The ones who beat the police

Most January 6 cases were minor, and that is the honest concession. These were not, and the overcharging defense does not reach them.

Enrique Tarrio, the Proud Boys leader convicted of seditious conspiracy, plotting to stop the transfer of power by force, and sentenced to 22 years, the longest of any January 6 defendant. He got a full pardon, while the other conspiracy leaders only had their sentences commuted. Pardon
Daniel Rodriguez, who drove a stun gun into the neck of Officer Michael Fanone as he was dragged into the mob; Fanone suffered a heart attack, a brain injury, and post-traumatic stress. Sentenced to 12.5 years. Pardon
David Dempsey, who attacked officers with pepper spray, a metal crutch, and poles in the tunnel where police were crushed against the doors; 20 years. Pardon
Albuquerque Head, who put Officer Fanone in a chokehold and dragged him into the crowd while others beat him; 7.5 years. Pardon
Thomas Webster, a former NYPD officer who swung a metal flagpole at an officer and then tackled and choked him by his gas mask; 10 years. Pardon
Julian Khater, who sprayed a chemical irritant into the faces of officers at close range, among them Brian Sicknick, who collapsed and died the next day. (A medical examiner ruled Sicknick's death natural, from strokes, and no one was charged in it.) Pardon

And the rest, by the count

Those are the names. Behind them is the volume, the people freed in groups rather than one by one.

Roughly 1,500 January 6 defendants, pardoned or commuted in a single proclamation. Among them, more than 600 who had been charged with assaulting or obstructing police, about 170 of those with a deadly or dangerous weapon, and the 14 Oath Keepers and Proud Boys leaders convicted of seditious conspiracy. About 140 officers were injured that day.
77 people tied to the 2020 effort to overturn the election, including those who submitted false slates of electors, pardoned preemptively, some never charged.
More than 100 other individual pardons and commutations for fraud, corruption, drug, and tax crimes, the pool the named cases above are drawn from.
In all: more than 1,700 grants of clemency in the second term, against 237 in the entire first term. The number is not the argument. The names are.
The reason given

The same excuse, for almost everyone.

Ask why, and the answer is nearly always the same sentence: the person was a victim of a "weaponized" Biden Justice Department. The words barely change from one case to the next, and they are aimed at the prosecutors, not at any evidence that the person was innocent.

It gets used even where it cannot fit. Of Scott Jenkins, the sheriff a jury convicted of selling badges: "This Sheriff is a victim of an overzealous Biden Department of Justice, and doesn't deserve to spend a single day in jail." Of Henry Cuellar, a Democrat: "Crooked Joe used the FBI and DOJ to 'take out' a member of his own Party." Of Changpeng Zhao, the Binance founder, Trump said on 60 Minutes: "I don't know who he is... I hear he was a victim of weaponization by government." He pardoned a man he said he could not identify.

"Such a lack of LOYALTY, something that Texas Voters, and Henry's daughters, will not like. Oh' well, next time, no more Mr. Nice guy!"

Trump on Truth Social, December 7, 2025, complaining that Cuellar declined to switch parties after the pardon. The tell is in the grievance: what the pardon was meant to buy was loyalty.

Behind the boilerplate is a process built for access. Reuters found that 96 percent of his second-term clemency grants did not meet the Justice Department's own guidelines; by ProPublica's count, only about 10 of some 1,600 recipients went through the pardon office at all. The rest came through back channels, and a paid industry grew up around them. The Wall Street Journal described a "pardon-shopping" market with a going rate near $1 million and success fees up to $6 million; one broker was charged with attempted extortion for trying to collect a pardon fee.

And the money sometimes arrives first. Trevor Milton gave more than $1.8 million before his pardon. Paul Walczak's mother gave $1 million and attended a $1-million-a-seat dinner weeks before his, and his pardon application itself pointed to her support. Across all the grants, by one tally, more than $1 billion in restitution and fines owed to victims was wiped away.

Hold the line None of this proves a pardon was sold for cash. The White House denies money mattered, the recipients deny it, and no bribe has been shown. What is documented is the pattern: the donations, the timing, the bypassed process, and a justification so generic it fits a sheriff, a congressman, and a stranger alike. Liz Oyer, the pardon attorney the administration fired, called the result "a two-tier system of justice for regular people and then for those who have political connections and wealth."
His own words

He called far less than this an abuse of justice.

The reason this is more than a policy disagreement is that Trump spent years attacking other presidents for clemency that looks tame beside his own.

"Does the Pardon given by Joe to Hunter include the J-6 Hostages, who have now been imprisoned for years? Such an abuse and miscarriage of Justice!"

Truth Social, December 1, 2024, hours after Biden pardoned his son. Seven weeks later Trump freed the people he called "hostages." (The Hill)

"It is disgraceful. Many are guilty of MAJOR CRIMES!"

On Biden's preemptive pardons of officials including Anthony Fauci and General Mark Milley, January 20, 2025. He then pardoned more than 600 people charged with assaulting or obstructing police. (NBC News)

"Ungrateful TRAITOR Chelsea Manning, who should never have been released from prison, is now calling President Obama a weak leader. Terrible!"

Twitter, January 26, 2017, on Obama's commutation. He went on to commute the sentences of men convicted of conspiring to oppose the government by force. (NPR)

He went further than criticism. In March 2025 he declared Biden's pardons "VOID, VACANT, AND OF NO FURTHER FORCE OR EFFECT, because of the fact that they were done by Autopen," a claim legal scholars rejected, since the Constitution sets no signature requirement for a pardon at all. His own Justice Department opened an investigation into it, and quietly closed it a year later, having found no legal hook. (PBS)

Even his own side

The objection is not only partisan.

The people who policed the Capitol, and several Republicans, said plainly what the pardons meant.

"Pardoning the people who went into the Capitol and beat up a police officer violently I think was a mistake, because it seems to suggest that's an OK thing to do."

Senator Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), January 26, 2025

"I do not support the pardons if they were given to people who committed violent crimes, including assaulting police officers or breaking windows to get into the Capitol."

Senator Susan Collins (R-Maine), January 21, 2025

"a miserable miscarriage of justice [that] erases accountability for the criminals who have done irreparable damage to our nation."

Aquilino Gonell, former Capitol Police sergeant assaulted on January 6, using the same phrase Trump aimed at Biden

The other side, in full

The strongest case for the pardons.

There are real arguments here, and the power itself is genuinely his. An honest reader should weigh them.

Some January 6 prosecutions were arguably overbroad. The Supreme Court itself narrowed a key obstruction charge used against many defendants in 2024, and the administration argues the cases were politically driven and unevenly charged against one group. Butthat argues for revisiting specific overcharged cases, not a blanket pardon that swept in the people who beat officers with poles and pipes and the leaders convicted of seditious conspiracy. A wrongful charge against a trespasser is not a reason to free the man who fractured a policeman's spine.
Biden did real damage to the norm too. He pardoned his own son after promising he would not, pardoned other family members, and issued preemptive pardons to allies who had not been charged with anything. Those were genuine abuses, and Trump's defenders are right to name them. But"the other side did it" concedes the point rather than answering it. Biden's pardons protected relatives and officials from prosecution; they did not reward an armed attack on the Capitol or free people who assaulted police. The norm was already damaged. This drove a truck through the hole.
Mass clemency has a bipartisan, humane history. Obama commuted more than 1,700 sentences, most of them nonviolent drug offenders, and that was widely praised as mercy. Butthat is the contrast, not the cover. The objection here was never mass clemency itself. It is clemency for violence and for loyalty: for people who attacked the government, and for donors and allies whose debts to victims vanished with the stroke of a pen.

Granting all of it, the core holds. Controversial pardons are bipartisan and old. What is specific here is the combination: the scale, the violence rewarded, the donors rewarded, and a president pardoning an attack on the very government he now leads, after calling a son's pardon an abuse of justice.

The check that isn't

Almost nothing can stop it.

The hardest fact about all of this is that there is no remedy. The pardon power is close to absolute. It covers any federal crime, cannot be reviewed by a court, and cannot be undone once a pardon is delivered. The only thing it cannot reach is impeachment, a limit the Framers wrote in precisely so a president could not pardon his way out of accountability to Congress.

Selling a pardon for cash would itself be a crime, bribery, even though the pardon would still stand. But no president has ever been charged for a pardon, and none ever faced real consequence for one. The check the Constitution leaves is not a court or a prosecutor. It is the voter, and the judgment of history.

What a fair critic concedes The January 6 pardons, however one judges them, are within the president's constitutional power; there is no court that can reverse them. Biden genuinely weakened the same norm. The donation-to-pardon links are a documented pattern and a serious conflict, but not a proven crime. The honest charge is not that Trump broke the law with these pardons. It is that he used a near-unaccountable power exactly as he condemned others for using it, only more so.
What it comes down to

The standard was for everyone else.

A pardon is the most personal power a president holds. It is mercy and it is favor, and because no one can overrule it, it reveals what a president actually values when nothing is forcing his hand. Used on a son, Trump called it an abuse and a miscarriage of justice. Used on a traitor, he called it terrible. Used on people he said were soft on crime, he called it disgraceful.

Then he freed the people who beat the police on his behalf, commuted the men who plotted to oppose the government by force, and pardoned the donors, the fraudsters, and the foreign trafficker. The power was his to use. The words condemning it were his too. Both cannot be honest at once, and the record shows which one he meant.

Sources

Where this comes from.

Clemency counts reflect Justice Department records and tracker tallies current to mid-2026; the January 6 total is usually given as a range because cases are counted in different ways. Donation-to-pardon links are documented in timing and amount; no quid pro quo has been proven, and the page says so.

The clemency and the crimes

His own words, and the reaction

The pardon power

The reasons and the process

This page documents clemency granted by the administration from January 2025 through mid-2026, drawn from Justice Department records, court documents, and reporting. It distinguishes pardons from commutations, notes where January 6 defendants' later crimes were separate from the conduct pardoned, and treats donation-to-pardon links as a documented pattern of timing and amount rather than a proven exchange. Quotes from living people are reproduced as published and dated. The pardon power is the president's under Article II; nothing here asserts these grants were unlawful. Corrections welcome.